Method for performing machine type communication for the purpose of coverage improvement, apparatuses and systems for performing the same

ABSTRACT

A method of performing a downlink machine type communication from a base station to a MTC (machine type communication) terminal includes, at the base station, transmitting at least one of a system information—the system information excluding a Master Information Block (MIB)—, a control information and data to the MTC terminal using a system bandwidth having a predetermined size. The base station performs frequency hopping using a frequency hopping pattern in a unit of narrow band on the at least one of the system information—the system information excluding a Master Information Block (MIB)—, the control information and the data to transmit to the MTC terminal, and the narrow band is less than the system bandwidth.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/987,778 filed on Jan. 5, 2016, and U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/361,086 filed on Nov. 25, 2016, which claim the benefitunder 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to Korea Patent Applications No.10-2015-0046893 filed on Apr. 2, 2015, No. 10-2015-0057580 filed on Apr.23, 2015, No. 10-2015-0073249 filed on May 26, 2015, No. 10-2015-0075325filed on May 28, 2015, No. 10-2015-0169116 filed on Nov. 30, 2015, allof which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the presentapplication.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to methods for performing Machine TypeCommunication (MTC) (or Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications),apparatuses and systems for performing the same, and more specificallyto methods for performing Machine Type Communications (MTC) for thepurpose of coverage improvement, and apparatuses and systems forperforming the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Embodiment of the Internet of Things (IoT) depends on arranging as manyMachine Type Communication (MTC) terminals (e.g., Machine-to-Machine(M2) terminals) as possible and reducing the price the MTC terminals aslow as possible.

The MTC terminals can be used in various application fields, require lowpower consumption, and is expected to perform communication forinfrequent small burst transmission.

SUMMARY

In the case of application of Machine Type Communication (MTC) (orMachine-to-Machine (M2M) or IoT (Internet of Things)), MTC terminalssuch as Machine Type Communication (MTC) terminals (e.g., an electricitymeter, a water meter, and a gas meter) may be used deep inside abuilding and may require coverage improvement compared to existing LongTerm Evolution (LTE) cell coverage.

Some MTC terminals may be installed in a space shielded by a buildingwhich is insulated with metal flakes or consists of metal windows orthin walls, or may be installed in an underground of a building. Due tothis installation characteristic, the MTC terminals may be more likelyto experience penetration losses in a wireless interface than a generalLTE terminal.

MTC terminals existing in an ultimate coverage scenario may have a lowdata speed, great delay tolerance, and no-mobility, and thus, somemessages and/or channels may not be necessary in the case ofcommunications using the MTC terminals.

Technologies for improving coverage of an MTC terminal need to considercoverage, power consumption, cell frequency efficiency, effects on astandard, manufacturing costs, and complexity.

In the case of existing MTC, there is required a technology whichenables communications in an existing common network at a smallfrequency bandwidth, such as 1.4 MHz, regardless of the currentbandwidth of a base station.

In particular, in the case of existing MTC, a data transmission rate isabout 100 kbps (a bandwidth is fixed to 1.4 MHz), so that there isrequired a method for dramatically improving coverage while maintaininglow power consumption of an MTC terminal.

It does not mean that all terminals require coverage improvement: theneed of coverage improvement may differ between terminals, so thattechnologies for coverage improvement may be enabled only for terminalsin need of coverage improvement.

There is required a technology for improving coverage of an MTC terminalby 20 dB compared to a general Category 1 LTE User Equipment (UE) havinga minimum data transmission rate.

If coverage of an MTC terminal improves significantly, physical channelsused therefor need to be improved as well, and, in order to improvecoverage of an MTC terminal by 20 dB, all uplink physical channels andall downlink physical channels including a Shared channel (SCH), aBroadcast Channel, and a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), needto be improved.

If a technology of reducing a single receive Radio Frequency (RF) and abandwidth is applied to MTC terminals, it may lead to reduction indownlink coverage, and thus, an additional coverage improvementtechnology is needed to compensate for a coverage loss.

Specifically, if a single receive RF chain is applied to MTC terminals,additional coverage supplement is needed for all downlink channels, andif the maximum bandwidth is reduced, coverage supplement is needed for a(Enhanced) Physical Downlink Control Channel ((E)PDCCH) and a PhysicalDownlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

In addition, as the coverage supplement technology, low-cost MTCtechnologies should be applied. If reduction in costs and coverageimprovement are allowed altogether, it may deteriorate performance of anLTE system.

Meanwhile, 20 dB or greater coverage improvement is necessary for MTCterminals, but when a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz and a single receiver RFchain are available, data receiving performance may be poor compared toa existing general mobile communication terminal. Therefore, there isrequired various advanced technologies which enable securing 20 dB orgreater coverage by improving performance under this environment.

In addition, operation of an uplink Random Access Channel (RACH) is oneof the most important elements for a coverage improvement technology. AnRACH is a kind of data requesting signal which is transmitted by aterminal to a base station at an arbitrary time for access to the basestation and data transmission, and the RACH initiates communicationswhich starts in all terminals, and thus, there is required a technologythat enables a base station to successfully receive an RACH signal froma far distant MTC terminal, for which 20 dB or greater coverage has beenmade, and successfully transmit a response signal to the MTC terminal.

Regarding the overall operations, if a base station and/or terminal isable to distinguish an MTC coverage extension terminal from a generalmobile communication terminal in advance, it may help to increaseefficiency in MTC coverage improvement communications. Therefore, thereis also required a technology of distinguishing an MTC coverageextension terminal from a general terminal in the RACH process in whicha terminal makes an attempt for the initial access.

The present invention aims to provide method for extending coverage andmaintaining lower power consumption for the purpose of coverageextension, and apparatuses and systems performing the same.

According to some example embodiment of the present invention, a methodof performing a downlink machine type communication from a base stationto a MTC (machine type communication) terminal includes, at the basestation, transmitting at least one of a system information—the systeminformation excluding a Master Information Block (MIB)—, a controlinformation and data to the MTC terminal using a system bandwidth havinga predetermined size, the base station performs frequency hopping usinga frequency hopping pattern in a unit of narrow band on the at least oneof the system information—the system information excluding a MasterInformation Block (MIB)—, the control information and the data totransmit to the MTC terminal, and the narrow band is less than thesystem bandwidth. The frequency hopping pattern may be generated ordetermined by using at least one of a cell identifier (ID), a terminalID, system frame number and subframe index. The frequency hoppingpattern may be transmitted using persistent scheduling to the MTCterminal. The frequency hopping may be not performed on PSS (PrimarySynchronization Signal) and SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal) forsynchronization, and PBCH carrying the system information. The frequencyhopping may be performed at a specific narrow band set. In case of atime division duplex (TDD) transmission scheme, an identical set ofnarrow bands may be used for a uplink transmission and a downlinktransmission. An available narrow band set may be notified to the MTCterminal by using a system information, the system information mayinclude at least one of MIB and SIB, the MIB and SIB may be broadcastedto all MTC terminals in a network, or wherein an information of anavailable narrow band set may be notified to the MTC terminal byencoding the at least one of MIB and SIB with a specific coderepresenting a specific number.

According to other example embodiment of the present invention, a methodof performing a uplink machine type communication from a MTC (machinetype communication) terminal to a base station includes, at the MTCterminal, transmitting at least one of a control information, a randomaccess signal and data to the base station using a system bandwidthhaving a predetermined size, the MTC terminal performs frequency hoppingusing a frequency hopping pattern in a unit of narrow band on the atleast one of the control information, the random access signal and thedata to transmit to the base station, and the narrow band is less thanthe system bandwidth.

According to other example embodiment of the present invention, a methodof performing a downlink machine type communication from a base stationto a MTC (machine type communication) terminal includes, at the basestation, transmitting at least one of a system information—the systeminformation at least one of Master Information Block (MIB) and SystemInformation Block (SIB)—, a control information and data to the MTCterminal using a system bandwidth having a predetermined size, and thebase station repetitively transmits at least one of the systeminformation, the control information and the data to the MTC terminal.The repetitively transmitting may be persistently scheduled by applyingpersistent scheduling to a repetition transmission patter. Therepetitively transmitting of the MIB may include at least one ofrepetitively transmitting the same signal and repetitively transmittingthe same data with different types of signal. The different types ofsignal may be a signal encoded differently. An MTC coverage extensionterminal may be operated as at least one of a small coverage terminaland a large coverage terminal according to a channel state.

A method for performing Machine Type Communication (MTC) for the purposeof coverage improvement according to another aspect of the presentinvention uses a PRACH signal to distinguish an MTC coverage extensionterminal from a general terminal.

A Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble may be used todistinguish the MTC coverage extension terminal from the generalterminal.

Time and frequency resource location may be used to distinguish the MTCcoverage extension terminal from the general terminal.

A specific pattern indicative of an MTC terminal may be used todistinguish the MTC coverage extension terminal from the generalterminal.

A pattern generated by combining a specific single pattern indicative ofan MTC terminal with an existing PRACH preamble may be used todistinguish the MTC coverage extension terminal from the generalterminal.

In the method in which a pattern generated by combining a specificsingle pattern indicative of an MTC terminal with an existing PRACHpreamble may be used to distinguish the MTC coverage extension terminalfrom the general terminal, an existing PRACH preamble may not betransmitted repetitively, but transmitted by changing a code value ofTime Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)pattern, or CDM.

CDM and a repetition transmission pattern may be combined to distinguishthe MTC coverage extension terminal from the general terminal. A methodfor performing Machine Type Communication (MTC) communications accordingto one aspect for achieving the aforementioned objective of the presentinvention transmits narrow band usage information from an MTC terminalwhen downlink frequency hopping is performed for MTC communications. Anavailable narrow band set may be notified to MTC terminals within anetwork by using system information or a downlink control channel.

A method for performing Machine Type Communication (MTC) communicationsaccording to another aspect for achieving the aforementioned objectivesof the present invention performs multi-subframe scheduling whendownlink frequency hopping is performed.

A method for performing Machine Type Communication (MTC) communicationsaccording to another aspect for achieving the aforementioned objectiveof the present invention adaptively manages the aforementioned method inorder to efficiently respond to a change which occurs because ofdifference in transmission channels which is due to coverage difference.A change of a transmission channel or difference in transmission channelstates experienced by MTC terminal(s) may be notified based on a pilotsignal in a PRACH and a PUSCH or sounding signal, which is received at abase station in an uplink, and accordingly, the number of repetition oftransmission and a frequency hopping pattern may be adaptively anddifferently applied according to the change of a transmission channel orthe difference in transmission channel states. The number of repetitionof transmission and a frequency hopping pattern may be adaptively ordifferently applied according to a level of coverage of a correspondingterminal. The number of repetition of transmission and the frequencyhopping pattern may be adaptively or differently applied according tothe distance between MTC terminals, or the difference in transmissionchannel states—for example, a transmission channel status is poor at aMTC terminal operating at underground—. The required level of coveragecan be inferred from channel states estimated based on PRACH, DMRSincluded in PUSCH, or Sounding signals. Since the required number ofrepetition of transmission for an IoT terminal on ground is quitedifferent from the required number of repetition of transmission for anIoT terminal underground, the number of repetition of transmission andthe frequency hopping pattern, etc may be adaptively or differentlyapplied according to the transmission channel status experienced by eachIoT terminal.

Although features and elements are described above in particularcombinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that eachfeature or element can be used alone or in any combination with theother features and elements. In addition, the methods described hereinmay be implemented in a computer program, software, firmware, orhardware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by acomputer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media includeelectronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) andcomputer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storagemedia include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), arandom access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductormemory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removabledisks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks,and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association withsoftware may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for usein a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer. Theprocessor may be implemented by a digital signal processor (DSP), amicroprocessor, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSPcore, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA)circuit, an integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like.

According to the aforementioned methods for performing Machine TypeCommunication (MTC) for the purpose of coverage improvement, andapparatuses and systems performing the same, it is possible todramatically improve coverage while maintaining low power consumption.

According to the aforementioned methods for performing multi-subframescheduling in the case of performing frequency hopping by a MTCterminal, and apparatuses and systems performing the same, it ispossible to dramatically improve coverage while increasing a data rateand reducing the number of switching of subframes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a Machine TypeCommunication (MTC) terminal according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an MTC communicationssystem according to an example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a resource grid relative toa single downlink slot in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system.

FIG. 4A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a downlink subframestructure in an LTE system.

FIG. 4B illustrates an uplink subframe structure in an LTE system.

FIG. 4C is a conceptual diagram illustrating a downlink frame structureaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating a frequency hopping pattern accordingto another example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where a narrow bandof 6PRB is arranged to align with legacy RPB mapping according to anexample embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where a narrow bandof 5PRB is arranged to align with legacy RPB mapping according toanother example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5C is a conceptual diagram for supporting a downlink narrow bandterminal in a wideband system according to an example embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5D is a conceptual diagram for supporting a uplink narrow bandterminal in an existing wideband system according to an exampleembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a frequency hopping patternoccurring between narrow bands of 6PRB by using a system bandwidthgreater than 1.4 MHz according to another example embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are conceptual diagram illustrating Multi-subframescheduling or Cross-subframe scheduling in the case of PUSCHtransmission according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a CRC masking methodrelative to a terminal identification (ID) for reducing overheadaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates additional information that is transmitted usingreserved 10 bits of LTE Master Information Block (MIB).

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a data transmission method for lowdata rate-based Internet of Things (IoT) sensor application according toanother example embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Various modifications and variations may be made to the presentinvention. Hereinafter, some particular embodiments will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

However, it should be understood that the present invention is notlimited to the embodiments and all the variations or replacements of theinvention or their equivalents are included in the technical spirit andscope of the present invention.

The terms “first” and “second” may be used to describe variouscomponents, but the components are not limited thereto. These terms areused only to distinguish one component from another. For example, thefirst component may be also named the second component, and the secondcomponent may be similarly named the first component without departingfrom the scope of the present invention. The term “and/or” includes acombination of a plurality of related items as described herein or anyone of the plurality of related items.

When a component is “connected” or “coupled” to another component, thecomponent may be directly connected or coupled to the other component,but it should be understood that other components may be intervene. Incontrast, when a component “is directly connected” or “coupled” toanother component, no other components intervene.

The terms used herein are given to describe only the specificembodiments but not intended to limit the present invention. A singularterm includes a plural term unless otherwise stated obviously. As usedherein, the terms “include” or “have” are used to indicate that thereare features, numerals, steps, operations, components, parts orcombinations thereof as described herein, but do not exclude thepresence or possibility of addition of one or more features, numerals,steps, operations, components, parts or components thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all the terms including technical orscientific terms as used herein have the same meanings as thosegenerally understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Such terms asgenerally defined in the dictionary should be interpreted as havingmeanings consistent with those understood in the context of the relatedtechnologies, and should not be construed as having excessively formalor ideal meanings unless clearly defined in the instant application.

A terminal may include but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), auser terminal (UT), mobile terminal, an access terminal (AT), terminal,a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, Subscriber Station (ss), celluar(tele)phone, wireless device, wireless communication device, WirelessTransmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), mobile node, mobile, a mobile station(MS), a personal digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, laptop, netbook,personal computer, wireless sensor, consumer electronics (CE) or otherterminologies.

Various embodiments of terminal may include but is not limited tocelluar telephone, smart phone with wireless communication capability,personal digital assistant (PDA) with wireless communication capability,wireless modem, portable computer with wireless communicationcapability, photography apparatus such as digital camera with wirelesscommunication capability, wearable device with wireless communicationcapability, gaming apparatus with wireless communication capability,consumer electronics for storing and playback music with wirelesscommunication capability, internet consumer electronics with wirelessinternet access and browsing capabilities, and portable unit or anyterminal where integrated with combination of such capabilities orfunctions.

A base station generally refers to a fixed station that communicateswith the UE. The base station may include but is not limited to aNode-B, evolved-NodeB (eNB or eNode-B), an advanced base station (ABS),an HR-BS, a site controller, base transceiver system (BTS), an accesspoint (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operatingin a wireless environment.

The base station may be part of a RAN (radio access network), which mayalso include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown),such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller(RNC), relay nodes, and the like. The base station may be configured totransmit and/or receive wireless signals within a particular geographicregion, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown).

The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cellassociated with the base station may be divided into three sectors.Thus, in one embodiment, the base station may include threetransceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. Inanother embodiment, the base station may employ multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) technology and, therefore, may utilize multipletransceivers for each sector of the cell.

A Machine Type Communication (MTC) communication terminal includes aterminal that is embedded with a sensor and has a communication functionto embody MTC communication. For example, the MTC communication terminalmay include a Machine Type Communication (MTC) terminal, a narrow bandLong Term Evolution (NB-LTE) terminal, a Cellular Internet of Things(NB-CIoT) terminal.

Hereinafter, example embodiments of the present invention are describedin detail with reference to accompanying drawings. To provide betterunderstanding of the present invention, the same reference numeral isused to an identical element and descriptions are omitted for theidentical element.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a resource grid of a single downlink slot inan LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 3, a downlink slot includes a plurality of OFDMsymbols in the time domain and N_(RB) number of resource blocks (RBs) inthe frequency domain. The N_(RB) number of resource blocks included inthe downlink slot is dependent upon a downlink transmission bandwidthset in a cell. For example, in an LTE system, N_(RB) may be any one of 6to 110. One resource block may include a plurality of subcarriers in thefrequency domain. An uplink slot may have the same structure as that ofthe downlink slot.

Each element on the resource grid is called a resource element. Theresource elements on the resource grid can be identified by a pair ofindexes (k,l) in the slot. Here, k (k=0, . . . , N_(RB)×12−1) is asubcarrier index in the frequency domain, and l (l=0, . . . , 6) is anOFDM symbol index in the time domain.

FIG. 3 illustrated that one resource block includes 7×12 resourceelements made up of seven OFDM symbols in the time domain and twelvesubcarriers in the frequency domain, however the number of OFDM symbolsand the number of subcarriers in the resource block are not limitedthereto. The number of OFDM symbols and the number of subcarriers mayvary depending on the length of a CP (cyclic prefix), frequency spacing,and the like. For example, in case of a normal CP, the number of OFDMsymbols is 7, and in case of an extended CP, the number of OFDM symbolsis 6. One of 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, and 2048 may be selectively usedas the number of subcarriers in one OFDM symbol. In case a narrow bandnarrower than current narrow band for Machine Type Communication, asmall number such as 64, 32, 16 or 8 may be selectively used as thenumber of subcarriers in one OFDM symbol, and the number of subcarriersin one OFDM symbol may be adjusted depending upon the bandwidth used forMachine Type Communication.

A bandwidth of an LTE system may be various in a range between 1 MHz and20 MHz. In case a narrow band narrower than current narrow band forMachine Type Communication, a bandwidth of an LTE system may be lessthan 1 MHz.

FIG. 4A shows a structure of a downlink subframe in an LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 4A, a downlink subframe includes two slots in the timedomain, and each of the slots includes seven OFDM symbols in the normalCP. First three OFDM symbols (maximum four OFDM symbols for a 1.4 MHzbandwidth) of a first slot in the subframe corresponds to a controlregion to which control channels are allocated, and the other remainingOFDM symbols correspond to a data region to which a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH) is allocated.

The PDCCH may carry a transmission format and a resource allocation of adownlink shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information of anuplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information on a PCH, systeminformation on a DL-SCH, a resource allocation of an higher layercontrol message such as a random access response transmitted via aPDSCH, a set of transmission power control commands with respect toindividual UEs in a certain UE group, an activation of a voice overinternet protocol (VoIP), and the like. A plurality of PDCCHs may betransmitted in the control region, and a UE can monitor a plurality ofPDCCHs. The PDCCHs are transmitted on one or an aggregation of aplurality of consecutive control channel elements (CCE). The CCE is alogical allocation unit used to provide a coding rate according to thestate of a wireless channel. The CCE corresponds to a plurality ofresource element groups. The format of the PDCCH and an available numberof bits of the PDCCH are determined according to an associative relationbetween the number of the CCEs and a coding rate provided by the CCEs.

The base station determines a PDCCH format according to a DCI to betransmitted to the UE, and attaches a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) tocontrol information. A unique identifier such as radio network temporaryidentifier (RNTI) is masked on the CRC according to the owner or thepurpose of the PDCCH. In case of a PDCCH for a particular UE, a uniqueidentifier, e.g., a cell-RNTI (C-RNTI), of the UE, may be masked on theCRC. Alternatively, in case of a PDCCH for a paging message, a pagingindication identifier, e.g., a paging-RNTI (P-RNTI), may be masked onthe CRC. In case of a PDCCH for a system information block (SIB), asystem information identifier, e.g., a system information-RNTI(SI-RNTI), may be masked on the CRC. In order to indicate a randomaccess response, i.e., a response to a transmission of a random accesspreamble of the UE, a random access-RNTI (RA-RNTI) may be masked on theCRC.

FIG. 4B shows a structure of an uplink subframe in an LTE system.

An uplink subframe may be divided into a control region and a dataregion in the frequency domain. A physical uplink control channel(PUCCH) for transmitting uplink control information is allocated to thecontrol region. A physical uplink shared channel (PUCCH) fortransmitting data is allocated to the data region. When indicated by ahigher layer, the UE may support a simultaneous transmission of thePUSCH and the PUCCH.

The PUCCH for a UE is allocated by a pair of resource blocks RBs in asubframe. The resource blocks belonging to the pair of RBs occupydifferent subcarriers in first and second slots, respectively. Thefrequency occupied by the RBs belonging to the pair of RBs is changed ata slot boundary. This is said that the pair of RBs allocated to thePUCCH is frequency-hopped at the slot boundary. The UE can obtain afrequency diversity gain by transmitting uplink control informationthrough different subcarriers according to time. In FIG. 4b , m is aposition index indicating the logical frequency domain positions of thepair of RBs allocated to the PUCCH in the subframe.

Uplink control information transmitted on the PUCCH may include a hybridautomatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement(ACK/NACK), a channel quality indicator (CQI) indicating the state of adownlink channel, a scheduling request (SR), and the like.

The PUSCH is mapped to an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), a transportchannel. Uplink data transmitted on the PUSCH may be a transport block,a data block for the UL-SCH transmitted during the TTI. The transportblock may be user information. Or, the uplink data may be multiplexeddata. The multiplexed data may be data obtained by multiplexing thetransport block for the UL-SCH and control information. For example,control information multiplexed to data may include a CQI, a precodingmatrix indicator (PMI), an HARQ, a rank indicator (RI), or the like.Alternatively, the uplink data may include only control information.

As an example of a MTC communication terminal, an MTC terminal needs 20dB or greater coverage improvement, but when a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz anda single receiver RF chain are available, data receiving performance maybe poor compared to an existing general mobile communication terminal.

Therefore, there are required various advanced technologies which enableimproving performance so as to secure 20 dB or greater coverage underthis environment. As examples of such technologies, there are a schemeof dramatically improving a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) by repetitiontransmission and a scheme of securing a diversity gain by performingfrequency hopping of 1.4 MHz over an entire system band.

MTC Frequency Hopping Scheme

A maximum bandwidth supported by a normal LTE terminal for a singlecarrier is 20 MHz. One of technologies for reducing a cost of an MTCterminal is reducing the maximum bandwidth supported by a terminal to abandwidth smaller than 20 MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 3 MHz, 1.4 MHz, 200 KHz, andthe like). The technology of reducing the maximum bandwidth able to besupported by a terminal may be applied to a downlink and/or uplink, anRF component and/or a baseband component, and a data and/or controlchannel. A location of a frequency of the reduced bandwidth (a datachannel and/or control channel) less than 20 MHz may be fixed to thecenter of a carrier bandwidth or at both ends of carrier bandwidth orone end of carrier bandwidth, or may be changed semi-statically,dynamically, or in a predetermined pattern according to each MTCterminal. For machine type communication, the location of a frequency ofthe reduced bandwidth (used for a data channel and/or control channel)less than 20 MHz may be aligned in a unit of RB (resource block) on afrequency axis. Since 1.4 MHz corresponds to 6-PRB, in case of 10 MHzbandwidth, the total number of PRB is 50 and 50 cannot be exactlydivided by 6, and thus extra PRB(s) exist, the location of a frequencyof the extra PRB of the reduced bandwidth (used for the data channeland/or control channel) less than 20 MHz may be fixed to the center of acarrier bandwidth or at both ends of carrier bandwidth or one end ofcarrier bandwidth.

In the case of data transmission in an MTC terminal, data is transmittedusing only a reduced bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, but an entire systembandwidth which is actually allocated may be greater than 1.4 MHz. Theentire system bandwidth may be, for example, 20 MHz, 10 Hhz, 5 MHz, or 3MHz. The reduced bandwidth of 1.4 MHz may, for example, correspond to 6Physical Resource Block (PRB). The reduced bandwidth of 200 KHz or 180KHz may correspond to 1 RB. 1 PRB—for example 180 KHz—can be used forthe downlink transmission of data or control signal from a base stationto a terminal.

Meanwhile, in the case of data transmission in existing LTE, a downlinkuses a frequency distributed scheduling (FDS) scheme to distributeresources in a frequency domain and allocate the distributed resources,and accordingly, the effects of a frequency hopping scheme may beachieved, and thus, a frequency hopping scheme is not additionallyapplied to the downlink data transmission whereas a frequency hoppingscheme through an uplink physical layer data transmission channel (e.g.,a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) is applied only in the case ofuplink data transmission. That is, existing LTE does not additionallyapply the frequency hopping scheme for downlink data transmission, butapplies the frequency hopping scheme through an uplink physical layerdata transmission channel (e.g., a PUSCH)) for uplink data transmission.

However, in the case of an LTE downlink, the FDS scheduling is able tobe employed only when the entire bandwidth is wide, and thus, atechnology of performing frequency hopping of the entire (data channelsand/or control channels) is required in the case of a bandwidth limitedto 1.4 MHz or 200 KHz or 180 KHz.

In the case of LTE downlink data transmission in MTC communicationsaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention, data may betransmitted in a manner that 1.4 MHz is frequency-hopped by using anentire system bandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz and a hopping pattern. Thehopping pattern may be periodical or aperiodical. The hopping patternmay be aperiodical when data transmission is completed before one periodof pattern is repeated.

First, a method for transmitting uplink data in an MTC terminal in thecase of MTC communications according to an example embodiment isdescribed.

An MTC terminal transmits data by using the entire system bandwidthgreater than 1.4 MHz; specifically, it is able to transmit data byperforming frequency hopping of 1.4 MHz in a pattern, such as TimeSwitched Transmit Diversity (TSTD). The hopping pattern may beperiodical or aperiodical. The hopping pattern may be aperiodical whendata transmission is completed before one period of pattern is repeated.

In the case of uplink transmission in MTC communications, unlike theexisting LTE system, the data may be transmitted to a terminal byperforming frequency hopping through a downlink physical layer datatransmission channel (PDSCH). In addition, in the case of uplinktransmission in MTC communications, the data may be transmitted to abase station by performing frequency hopping through an uplink physicallayer data transmission channel (e.g., a PUSCH).

In addition, even in the case of transmitting system information, suchas System Information Block (SIB) other than a Master Information Block(MIB), a paging signal, and the like, frequency hopping may be performedusing an entire system bandwidth greater than the bandwidth 1.4 MHz.

Specifically, in the case of LTE downlink transmission in MTCcommunications, not just data, but also system information (e.g., anSIB), control information (e.g., a PDCCH) and a (E)PDCCH, may betransmitted by performing frequency hopping using an entire systembandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz.

Specifically, in the case of LTE uplink transmission in MTCcommunications, not just data, but also control information (e.g., aPUCCH) and a random access signal (e.g., a PRACH) may be transmitted byperforming frequency hopping using an entire system bandwidth greaterthan 1.4 MHz.

A Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal(SSS) used for synchronization and a PBCH used for notifying systeminformation may not be subject to frequency hopping.

FIG. 4C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a downlinkframe structure according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention.

A frame may consist often subframes each of 1 ms. Each frame isdistinguished by a System Frame Number (SFN). An SFN may be used forcontrolling various types of transmission cycle which may have a timeperiod longer than a frame, such as a paging and sleep-mode period and achannel state reporting period.

FIG. 4C is an example of a case where a PBCH, a PCFICH, a PDCCH, and aPDSCH are mapped to a downlink frame.

In an LTE system, PDCCHs are allocated in order to transmit a downlinkcontrol signal which controls a terminal. An region to which PDCCHs ofterminals are mapped may be a PDCCH region or a control region.

A PCFICH is transmitted with information on the number of OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols which are used in asubframe for allocating PDCCHs. Information on the number of OFDMsymbols to which the PDCCHs are allocated is a Control Format Indicator(CFI). Every terminal within a cell needs to search for an region towhich the PDCCH are to be allocated, and accordingly, the CIF may be setto be a cell-specific value. In general, a control region to which thePDCCH are to be allocated to the front OFDM symbols of a downlinksubframe, and the PDCCH may be allocated to up to three OFDM symbols.

For example, a CIF is set to be 3, and accordingly, a PDCCH is allocatedto three OFDM symbols in a subframe. A terminal may detect its own PDSCHfrom a control region, and detect its PDSCH based on the PDCCH detectedfrom the control region. In an MTC system, for efficient use ofresources, a PCFICH is not transmitted every TTI: instead, a fixed CFIis used or the PCFICH is transmitted only at a specific TTI. In the caseof using a fixed CFI, a specific value for the CFI may be predeterminedor the PCFICH may be transmitted using a MID or an SIB.

As a new control channel other than the existing PDCCH, an enhancedPDCCH (e-PDCCH) may be introduced. The e-PDCCH may be allocated to adata region, not a control region to which a PDCCH is allocated. As thee-PDCCH is defined, a control signal may be transmitted to each terminaland it may solve the short of the existing PDCCH region.

Referring to FIG. 4C, in the case of MTC communications according to anexample embodiment of the present invention, 1.4 MHz is frequency-hoppedby using an entire system bandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz and a hoppingpattern (FH1A, FH2A, FH3A, . . . , or FH1B, FH2B, FH3B, . . . ), so thatsystem information (e.g., an SIB) and control information (e.g., a PDCCHand a (E)PDCCH) may be transmitted to an MTC terminal. At this point, ahopping pattern of an SIB may be implicitly/explicitly obtained usinginformation contained in an MIB and a Cell ID obtained during asynchronization process.

In the case of downlink transmission in MTC communications according toan example embodiment of the present invention, the data may betransmitted by performing frequency hopping through a downlink physicallayer data transmission channel (PDSCH), which is different from a casefor existing LTE. In addition, in the case of uplink transmission in MTCcommunications according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention, the data may be transmitted by performing frequency hoppingthrough a uplink physical layer data transmission channel (e.g., aPUSCH)). In addition, in the case of downlink transmission in MTCcommunications according to an example embodiment, frequency hopping maybe performed using an entire system bandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz totransmit system information, such as an a SIB other than an MIB. Inaddition, in the case of uplink transmission in MTC communicationsaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention, frequencyhopping may be performed using an entire system bandwidth greater than1.4 MHz to transmit control information (e.g., a PUCCH), a random accesssignal (e.g., a PRACH), and the like.

An MTC terminal uses a narrow band to communicate with a base station.The narrow band is a minimum bandwidth used for transmission ofinformation, signals, and data between the MTC terminal and the basestation, and the narrow band may be used on a PRB or subcarrier unitbasis.

In MTC communications, frequency hopping between subcarriers in a narrowband may be performed, or frequency hopping between narrow bands (or ina unit of narrow band) may be performed.

A PSS, an SSS, or a PBCH may be divided into a plurality of part to becarried onto a plurality of narrow bands which is smaller than 1.4 MHz,therefore PSS, an SSS, or a PBCH may be spread more in a time domainregion when compared with the case in which the PSS, an SSS, or a PBCHis carried onto one 1.4 MHz bandwidth. In case the PSS, an SSS, or aPBCH is divided into a plurality of part to be carried onto a pluralityof narrow bands which is smaller than 1.4 MHz, it is required moretransmission time when compared with the case in which the PSS, an SSS,or a PBCH is not divided into a plurality of parts to be carried ontoone 1.4 MHz bandwidth. Namely, it is required more transmission timewhen the PSS, an SSS, or a PBCH is carried onto one 1.4 MHz bandwidthinstead of being carried onto several PRBs or instead of being carriedonto a plurality of narrow band smaller than 1.4 MHz. For example, 6 TTIis required for the data transmission in order to divide 6-PRB data tobe carried onto 1-PRB.

Here, the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may be independent regardless ofsetting of a narrow band.

A narrow band according to an example embodiment may be defined in aunit of PRB. For example, a location of PRB of a narrow band accordingto an example embodiment is defined continuously, and a band close tothe central 72 subcarriers may be used as the narrow band. It may or maynot symmetric to the center. Although it is not symmetric to the centerbefore a PRB which is not defined as a narrow band, the band may be setby expanding it in a left and right direction. The order of narrow bandsmay be given from a low frequency or from a high frequency, or may befrom the left or from the right by regarding the center as a startingpoint. Alternatively, the order of narrow bands may be give in acircular loop form which is clockwise or counterclockwise from the leftor from the right by regarding the center a starting point.

A narrow band within 72 subcarriers except for DC located at the centermay be defined as a central narrow band, a narrow band placed far rightfrom the central narrow band may be defined as the lowest narrow band,and a narrow band placed far left from the central narrow band may bedefined as the highest narrow band. If a terminal needs to monitor aPSS/SSS/PBCH in a cell, it is possible to retune a frequency to thecentral 72 subcarriers (except for system DC).

An offset may be set such that a location of an uplink narrow band is tobe aligned or associated with a legacy PUCCH and/or PRACH. Specifically,a location of an uplink narrow band may be determined to be a legacyPUCCH and/or PRACH+offset.

To support a low price MTC terminal, an entire system bandwidth is notused for communication between the MTC terminal and a base station, butinstead a part of a system bandwidth for communication between the MTCterminal and the base station may be set. If the part of the systembandwidth, that is, a narrow band, is set, the narrow band may bedefined as a set of continuous physical resource blocks (PRBs).

In the case of a time division duplex (TDD) transmission scheme, anidentical set of narrow bands should be set for uplink transmission anddownlink transmission. That is, in the case of the TDD transmissionscheme, it is required to set uplink transmission and downlinktransmission to have the same subcarrier set.

A base station may set a plurality of narrow bands in order tosimultaneously support a plurality of MTC terminals. As such, if aplurality of narrow bands is set in order to simultaneously support aplurality of MTC terminals, narrow bands may be set not to overlap eachother in order to reduce increasing interference to MTC terminals. Toset narrow bands not to overlap each other, the narrow bands may be setas a function of a system bandwidth. In real situation where a largenumber of terminals exist, it is difficult to determine narrow band setssuch that each narrow band does not overlap one another, theinterference to MTC terminals can be reduced by applying frequencyhopping even though a little overlap exist. Thus, even though overlappednarrow band sets are defined, a frequency hopping pattern can bedetermined such that no overlap exist.

A downlink narrow band fully overlapping with subcarriers within thecentral 72 subcarriers (except system DC) may be defined as a centralnarrow band. Through the central narrow band, broadcasting signals whichall MTC terminals need to receive may be transmitted. The central narrowband may be used for frequency hopping between narrow bands. The centralnarrow band may be used for frequency hopping in the case of downlink oruplink data transmission. For example, in the case of downlink PDSCHand/or PDCCH transmission, frequency hopping may be performed using thecentral narrow band. Herein, detailed descriptions are provided withreference to FIGS. 5C and 5D.

In a case where a system bandwidth per cell is greater than 3 MHx, anumber of non-overlapped downlink narrow bands other than the centralnarrow band may be set to be specific relative to the system bandwidth.

A non-overlapped downlink narrow band may be defined for a single cell.

The number of available narrow bands and the number of sub-bands may bedetermined based on a system bandwidth of a cell.

The number of available narrow bands may be determined based on a systembandwidth of a cell. The entire bandwidth used by the narrow band (thenumber of narrow bands×a bandwidth of a single narrow band) may be lessthan ½ of a system bandwidth. As a result, some PRBs may not be includedany set narrow band. Part of a bandwidth not used exclusively for MTCmay be managed separately from narrow bands for MTC. Specific downlinkor uplink messages, signals, or data may be transmitted using an edge ofthe system bandwidth or the central narrow band.

At least in a system bandwidth, other narrow bands may overlap thecentral narrow band. For example, if a system bandwidth is set to be 3MHz to solve the short of a frequency band, other narrow bands mayoverlap the central narrow band, i.e. narrow band sets can beoperatively overlapped. Size of a narrow band not close to the centralnarrow band may be 6PRB.

FIG. 4D is an example of a frequency hopping pattern according toanother example embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 4D, a horizontal axis is a time axis, a vertical axis is afrequency axis, and ▪ may be data, system information, or a pagingsignal for MTC communications.

Frequency hopping may be performed on a unit basis of 1.4 MHz, on a unitbasis of 200 Khz, or within 1.4 MHz by dividing the bandwidth of 1.4MHz.

FIG. 4D is an example of a frequency hopping pattern in the case oftransmitting data and/or system information, a paging signal, and thelike through a downlink or an uplink between a base station and an MTCterminal; however, the frequency hopping pattern is not limited to theexample shown in FIG. 4, and various frequency hopping patterns may beused.

In the case of performing frequency hopping of data and/or systeminformation, a paging signal, and the like for MTC communication, afrequency hopping pattern is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 4Dso various frequency hopping patterns may be used.

As illustrated in FIG. 4D, by performing frequency hopping, data and/orsystem information, a paging signal, and the like may be transmitted ata system bandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz, and, in this case, transmitdiversity effects may be achieved, which would lead to improvement inperformance.

FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where a narrow bandof 6PRB is arranged to be aligned with legacy PRB mapping according toan example embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5A,there is an example where size of a narrow band is 6PRB. A centralfrequency of a narrow band may correspond to a central frequency of asystem bandwidth, and the narrow band may be arranged to be aligned withlegacy PRM mapping. Alternatively, a central frequency of a narrow bandmay not correspond to a central frequency of a system bandwidth, asshown in FIG. 5, and the narrow band may be arranged to be aligned withlegacy PRB mapping.

FIG. 5B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case where a narrow bandof 5PRB is arranged to be aligned with legacy PRB mapping according toanother example embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5B, there is an example where size of a narrow band is5PRB, and a central frequency of the narrow band may correspond to acentral frequency of a system bandwidth, and the narrow band may bearranged to be aligned with legacy PRB mapping. Alternatively, a centralfrequency of a narrow band may not correspond to a central frequency ofa system bandwidth, and the narrow band may be arranged to be alignedwith legacy PRB mapping.

Size of a narrow band according to example embodiments of the presentinvention may be, for example, 5PRB, 4 PRB, or 3PRB, which is smallerthan 6 PRB, may be, for example, 7PRB, 8PRB, or 9 PRB, which is greaterthan 6 PRB, may be 12 PRB two times greater than 6PRB, or 18 PRB threetimes greater than 6PRB. Size of a narrow band may be fixed to aspecific value among a plurality of values or may be used adaptivelyaccording to circumstances. For example, if size of a narrow band issmall, the number of narrow bands may increase so that it is possible tosupport a number of MTC terminals or a much wider hopping availablebandwidth may be provided. If size of a narrow band is great, it ispossible to enhance a data transmission rate.

FIG. 5C is a conceptual diagram for supporting a downlink narrow bandterminal in an existing wideband system according to an exampleembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5C illustrates one subframe,for example, a subframe of 1 ms, of a downlink frequency of a legacyterminal. By using a re-tuning scheme, as described above, it ispossible not only to obtain a frequency diversity gain, but also toutilize an entire system bandwidth and a number of MTC terminals.

Each sell may be embodied to be enabled to support a legacy terminal andan MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention.

Referring to FIG. 5C, in the case of a downlink frequency of a legacyterminal, a PSS/SSS, an MIB, and an SIB are located within center 6PRB,and, in the case of an MTC terminal according to an example embodimentof the present invention, an offset may be set such that a narrow bandof MTC terminal may be set to be aligned or associated with center 6PRB(including an PSS/SSS, an MIB, and an SIB), which is a downlink centralfrequency of a legacy terminal.

In the case of an MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of thepresent invention, the downlink narrow band may be re-tuned to a newfrequency different from 6PRB. Specifically, the new frequency of thedownlink narrow band may be set to be a downlink central frequency of alegacy terminal+an offset. In the case of an MTC terminal according toan example embodiment of the present invention, the downlink narrow bandmay include a narrow band control channel based on an EPDCCH: forexample, the downlink narrow band may include an EPDCCH and a PDSCH. Inthe case of an MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of thepresent invention, the downlink narrow band is illustrated as a singlenarrow band, but it may be set to be a plurality of narrow bands.

FIG. 5D is a conceptual diagram for supporting an uplink narrow band inan existing wideband system according to an example embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5D illustrates a subframe, for example, a subframe of 1 ms, ofuplink frequency of a legacy terminal. By using a re-tuning scheme, asdescribed above, it is possible not only to obtain a frequency diversitygain, but also to efficiently use an entire system bandwidth and anumber of MTC terminals.

Each cell may be embodied to be enabled to support a legacy terminal andan MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention.

Referring to FIG. 5D, in the case of an uplink frequency of an legacyterminal, a PUSCH is located within center 6PRB, and, in the case of anMTC terminal according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention, an offset may be set such that a narrow band of the MTCterminal may be set to be aligned or associated with center 6PRB(including a PUSCH) of an uplink frequency of the legacy terminal.

In the case of an MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of thepresent invention, the uplink narrow band may be re-tuned to be a newfrequency different from center 6PRB. Specifically, the new frequency ofthe uplink narrow band may be set to be an uplink center frequency of alegacy terminal+an offset. In the case of an MTC terminal according toan example embodiment, the uplink narrow band may include a PUSCH and aPUCCH. In the case of an MTC terminal according to an exampleembodiment, the uplink narrow band may be set to be a single narrow bandor may be set to be a plurality of narrow bands. The uplink narrow bandmay be set in a unit of one-RB or in a unit of a subcarrier.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a frequency hopping patternoccurring between narrow bands of 6PRB by using an entire systembandwidth greater than 1.4 MHz according to another example embodimentof the present invention.

A plurality of narrow bands to be used may be set in advance, an PRBindex may be allocated to each narrow band, and a location of a narrowband to be used by an MTC terminal may be notified using the PRB index.

Referring to FIG. 6, narrow bands NB1, NB2, . . . , NB8 are at 6PRB, andPRB indexes 0-5, 6-11, . . . , 42-47 are allocated to the narrow bandsNB1, NB2, . . . , NB8, respectively. For example, when frequency hoppingis performed on the eight narrow bands NB1, NB2, NB3, NB4, NB5, NB6,NB7, and NB8, a frequency hopping pattern is in the order of NB6, NB5,NB8, NB7, NB1, NB2, NB4, and NB3, as shown in the right diagram of FIG.3.

As information for frequency hopping, user information may be used forfrequency hopping in an uplink, and system information may be used forfrequency hopping in a downlink.

A technology is required to prevent collision which may occur when abase station transmits data and/or system information by performing afrequency hopping scheme. Specifically, to prevent collision of dataand/or system information and paging signals between base stations orterminals, the frequency hopping pattern may occur or determined bydirectly and indirectly using base station identifiers (IDs) and/orterminal (or UE) IDs, or control information or resources may beallocated by directly and indirectly using base station IDs (or cellIDs) and/or terminal (or UE) IDs.

Each hopping pattern is generated as a function of a base station ID inorder to prevent collision of hopping patterns between base stations,and a hopping pattern is generated by directly or indirectly usingterminal (or UE) IDs in order to prevent collision of hopping patternsbetween various MTC terminals in the same base station. A hoppingpattern refers to a pattern which is performing a two-dimensional (2D)pattern of time and frequency and which determines a frequency band(which is a PRB unit or a narrow band unit) using which a signal istransmitted at each time unit for performing frequency hopping.Accordingly, hopping frequency bands to be used simultaneously need tobe different according to base station IDs in order to prevent collisionof hopping patterns of different base stations, and thus, it is possibleto use a method in which a different group of frequency bands is setaccording to a base station, or to a use method in which a specificsequence with a function of a base station ID is generated so as toindicate a hopping frequency band at each time unit of performingfrequency hopping. An orthogonal sequence or a semi-orthogonal sequenceis used as the above sequence so as to minimize a possibility ofcollision of hopping patterns to occur. Even if some hopping patternscollide, data may be restored with a gain which would be obtained due torepetition transmission, and thus, it is not necessary to use only abiorthogonal hopping pattern.

In the case of a downlink, a frequency hopping pattern may be determinedor occur with a base station ID (or a cell ID) and/or an SFN. The SFN isan important parameter which is exchanged between a base station and aterminal for time synchronization, and the base station uses the SFN tochange the start, stop, end and cycle of a hopping pattern which isbeing used or to be used, a set of hopping frequency bands, and ahopping time unit. A time unit of hopping may be a slot or a subframe,which is smaller than a frame unit.

The base station ID may include a cell ID. The terminal ID may includean International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), a Temporary MobileSubscriber Identity (TMSI), a Globally Unique Temporary Identifier(GURI), and a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).

A method of generating a hopping pattern by indirectly using a basestation ID and/or terminal ID is in a manner where a first specificsequence is generated using a corresponding base station ID and/orterminal IDs, and then a final hopping pattern is defined and used byperforming secondary deformation on the first specific sequence. Amethod for the secondary deformation may include combining with otherhopping patterns, applying different precoding according to a frequencyor time, and employing scrambling or cyclic shift.

In addition, the IMSI is very important information in terms ofsecurity, so when the IMSI is used, a method of generating a hoppingpattern by allowing a terminal to determine a hopping pattern of its ownwithout directly exchanging IMSI may be a method of indirectlygenerating a hopping pattern.

A base station may actually generate a hopping pattern and transmit asignal in the case of a downlink, whereas a terminal may actuallygenerate a hopping pattern and transmit a signal in the case of anuplink.

Information on a hopping pattern may be exchanged in a form of controlinformation (signaling) between the base station and the terminal.

Alternatively, in order to reduce overhead which occurs when the basestation and the terminal exchanges information on a frequency hoppingpattern, the base station and the terminal may not exchange informationdirectly about a frequency hopping pattern since both of the basestation and the terminal are informed of each other's ID. Therefore, thebase station and the terminal may provide information on a frequencyhopping pattern by including, in an MIB, an SIB, or a PDCCH/EPDCCH,information on whether to perform frequency hopping, so that it ispossible to reduce overhead which occurs when information on a frequencyhopping pattern is exchanged.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for performing CRCmasking on a terminal ID in order to reduce overhead according to anexample embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9, in the case of downlink transmission of MTCcommunication of the present invention, only terminal data is firsttransmitted to an MTC terminal and then multiplied by the MTC terminal'sID in the MTC terminal. A CRC error does not occur in a CRC maskingprocedure if the terminal ID is correct, and a CRC error occurs in a CRCmasking procedure if the terminal ID is incorrect, and thus, it ispossible to reduce overhead by prevent the terminal ID from beingtransmitted. That is, in the case of MTC communications according to anexample embodiment of the present invention, for example, the case ofapplying the above CRC masking scheme to a broadcasting channel,important information which are different among MTC terminals may betransferred urgently by using some of the broadcasting channel'sresources which carry information common among all terminals. Inaddition, in order to transmit resource allocation information to eachterminal in an uplink, every N-bit data is not transmitted just like thelegacy LTE, but instead bit data smaller than N is used to providelimited resource allocation information and terminals are enabled totransmit the information within limited resource, so that it is possibleto enable MTC communication while reducing overhead.

Scheme of Transmitting MTC System Information (MIB)

In existing MTC, system information for MTC, such as MTC-MasterInformation Block (MTC-MIB) and MTC-System Information Block (MTC-SIB),is transmitted separately.

An MIB is transmitted at a transmission time interval (TTI) of 40 msthrough a PBCH, and the PBCH is mapped with four OFDMs which exist in asubcarrier being at the center of 72 subcarriers in a correspondingframe.

A general LTE MIB has a reserved 10-bit which is not used, and it ispossible to transmit additional information (or a parameter) for MTC byusing the 10-bit. However, only few bits of MIB is able to betransmitted, and thus, a highly important parameter needs to beincluded.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of additional informationwhich is transmitted by using reversed 10-bit of LTE MIB.

Referring to FIG. 10, additional information to be transmitted using thereserved 10-bit may include the following:

-   -   Whether a base station supports a MTC terminal (1 bit) (1001)    -   Whether a Coverage Enhancement (CE) device is supported (1 bit)        (1003)    -   A location of time frequency of MTC-SIB1 (2-3 bit) (1005)    -   Whether a repetition level of MTC-SIB1 is included (1007)    -   Transport block size of MTC-SIB1 (2 bit) (1009)    -   Control Formal Indicator (CFI) (2 bit) (1011)    -   Number of repetition transmission for performance (1013)    -   A starting point of MTC BDCCH or location information of PCFICH        (1015)

Here, the CFI indicates the number of OFDM symbols used to transmitcontrol channels (PFCCH, PHICH) in each subframe, and also directly orindirectly shows when a data region starts in a subframe.

In addition, the additional information to be transmitted using thereserved 10-bit of MIB for MTC communication may include the following:

-   -   Whether frequency hopping is on or off (1021)    -   Information on a repetition pattern (1023)    -   Whether to use a persistent scheduling which persistently        transmits locations of resources (1025)    -   Resource location information on persistent scheduling (1027)

The persistent scheduling may improve performance with reduced overheadby minimizing a control signal required for scheduling to transmit aspecific pattern (a repetition pattern of a frequency hopping pattern)(or by allocating resources). The persistent scheduling may include, forexample, a method in which the specific fixed pattern is transmittedperiodically or aperiodically, a method in which the pattern is notifiedat the first time and the notified pattern is subsequently transmitted,and a method in which a set of patterns is made in advance and a patternselected from the set is transmitted periodically or aperiodically.Information on whether frequency hopping is on or off (1021) andinformation on a repetition pattern (1023) may be used when acorresponding base station transmits a specific frequency hoppingpattern group of a specific repetition group by using an MIB or an SIB.

The information carried by MIB can be carried by SIB. Thus, thetransmission of the bits related with a persistent scheduling can bedone through SIB. An important information having higher priority can betransmitted through MIB. Alternatively, the information required fordecoding SIB can be transmitted through MIB.

The Information on whether to use persistent scheduling (1025) may notbe transmitted through an MIB, SIB, or a specific channel. That is,without transmitting the information on whether to use persistentscheduling (1025) through an MIB, SIB, or a specific channel, it ispossible reduce signaling overhead and achieve stable communicationsimply by using persistent scheduling in which the location of resourceis persistently transmitted, and in this case, a frequency hoppingpattern and a repetition transmission pattern may be persistent.According to an example embodiment of the present invention, by applyingpersistent scheduling to repetition transmission pattern and/orfrequency hopping pattern in MTC communication, the location of resourcemay be persistent and also the repetition transmission pattern and/orfrequency hopping pattern may be persistent, to thereby reducingsignaling overhead.

Here, an existing MIB is system information and thus includesinformation which is common among all MTC terminals. However, in anexample embodiment of the present information, an MTC terminal receivessuch system information and then defines, in the standard, a specificfunction which receives a terminal ID, such as an RNTI, a GUTI, an IMSI,and an IMSI of an MTC terminal, as an input, and thus, it is possible toset different parameters for each terminal solely with the systeminformation. That is, a base station is able to include direct IDinformation of a specific MTC terminal in a system information (an MISor an SIB) and transmits the system information. For example, regardinga Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle parameter, a terminal ID such asan RNTI, a GUTI, an IMSI, and a TMSI may be added to a systeminformation and the system information may be transmitted by using thereserved 10-bit, and accordingly, it is possible to set a differentparameter for each terminal. Specifically, if an IMSI of an MTC terminalis applied to an SFN transmitted from a base station to an MIB and anSIB1, DRX cycle may be determined.

In another example, an MTC terminal may be informed of an SFN byreceiving an MBI and an SIB1 from a base station, and applies an IMSIvalue of the MTC terminal to the SFN so as to set a DRX cycle parameter.DRX cycle is determined in the above manner, so a frequency hoppingpattern or repetition transmission pattern may be determined in the samemanner.

Scheme for Repetitively Transmitting MTC System Information (MIB)

Now, in the case of existing MTC, system information exclusively for MTCcommunications, such as an MTC-MIB/MTC-SIB, are transmitted separately.

It is desirable that an MTC terminal transmits the MIB systeminformation repetitively for performance improvement.

The MTC terminal needs 20 dB or greater coverage improvement, but when1.4 MHHz and a single receiving RF chain are available, the MTC terminalcan have data receiving performance poorer than an existing mobilecommunication terminal. Therefore, there is need for advancedtechnologies which are able to secure 20 dB or greater coverageimprovement despite the above circumstances. Such technologies include amethod of improving SNR by repetition transmission and a method ofsecuring diversity gain by performing frequency hopping of 1.4 MHz orless than 1.4 MHz (e.g. 200 KHz or 180 KHz) over the entire band.

However, the repetition transmission may lead to an increase in powerconsumption, and therefore, the number of repetition transmission needsto be minimized, if possible. Accordingly, it should be used along withadditional schemes for performance improvement, such as frequencyhopping and beamforming.

However, in the case of an MIB, 1.4 MHz is fixed as a central frequencyof each frame, as described above, and therefore, it is not possible touse the frequency hopping scheme. Thus, only the repetition transmissionscheme is left to rely on.

There are two ways to repetitively transmit an MIB: transmitting thesame signal and transmitting identical data with different types ofsignals, such as signals which are encoded differently. In the case ofrepetition transmission of an MIB, data, and/or control information, thesame information may be transmitted with different types of signals,such as signals which are encoded differently, and therefore, it ispossible to achieve the effects of precoding diversity. For example, inthe case of repetitively transmit an MIB, data, and control information,the same information is transmitted with differently codedsignals-specifically the first signal may be 1, 1, 1, 1, . . . andsubsequent signals for repetition transmission may be 1, −1, 1, −1, . .. .

If a Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) scheme is applied along withthe repetition transmission scheme, performance would improve further:however, an MIB is for downward communication, not bidirectionalcommunication, and thus, the HARQ scheme is not able to be applied.

A way to repetitively transmit an MIB may be selected from three methodsas below.

The first method is that a base station always repetitively transmit anMIB at a predetermined cycle (e.g., 40 m).

The second way is that a base station dynamically determines at apredetermined cycle (e.g., 40 ms) whether to repetitively transmit anMIB.

The third way is that a base station repetitively transmits an MIB in apattern. The pattern may include predetermined cycles. For example, thepattern may include a plurality of 40 ms or predetermined periods oftime.

Schemes for Repetitively Transmitting System Information or Data Exceptfor MIB

As a way of repetitively transmitting system information or data exceptfor an MIB, there are two ways: transmitting the same signal andtransmitting the same data with different types of signal.

The way to repetitively transmit system information or data except foran MBI may be selected from three ways as below.

The first way is that a base station always transmits system informationor data except for an MIB at a predetermined cycle (e.g., 40 m).

The second way is that a base station dynamically determines at apredetermined cycle (e.g., 40 mb) whether to repetitively transmitsystem information or data except for an MIB.

The third way is that a base station repetitively transmits systeminformation or data except for an MIB in a pattern. The pattern mayinclude predetermined cycles. For example, the pattern may include aplurality of 40 ms or predetermined periods of time.

Further, MTC may repetitively transmit an MIB, but also MTC may performbundling which indicates repetitively or collectively transmittingactually all data or control information including systeminformation—for example, an SIB (System Information Block)—.

TTI bundling is a kind of the repetition scheme. The only differencelies in that continuous transmission is performed regarding continuoussubframes in the TTI bundling scheme. Applying the TTI bundling schemeto all data or system information may bring about coverage improvement.Bundling is a kind of repetition transmission but is different fromgeneral repetition transmission. In case of applying HARQ, when ACK isreceived, data of next TTI can be transmitted, however, when NACK isreceived, new data cannot be transmitted and previously transmitted datashould be continuously re-transmitted until properly received, and thusit took too long time to transmit data in MTC communication because muchdata cannot be transmitted due to narrow bandwidth and repetitiontransmission is performed in MTC communication and can effect internalbuffer control. Therefore, according to bundling technology, data of aplurality of TTI to be transmitted may be bundled at once andcontinuously transmitted.

MTC Repetition Transmission Scheme According to Another ExampleEmbodiment of the Present Invention

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention enables repetition transmission in adownlink. Hereinafter, descriptions are provided with an example of adownlink.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjustingconstraints for frequency hopping according to a channel status and/ordata characteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting orchanging a hopping bandwidth, a guard band, guard time/idle time, and ahopping cycle pattern according to a channel state and/or datacharacteristics/properties. That is, a frequency hopping pattern may bedifferent according to a channel state, and, specifically, MTC terminalcan be operated as a small coverage terminal or a large coverageterminal according to a channel state for the purpose of coverageextension.

The distance between an MTC terminal and a base station increase, theweaker becomes the signal strength, and thereby leading to difficulty ofcommunication. One of the purpose of MTC communication is to extend theavailable communication range by 20 dB, i.e. to enable MTC communicationeven at the place where the strength of electromagnetic wave is weakerby 20 dB compared with that of legacy LTE terminal. When the strength ofelectromagnetic wave become weaker, the SNR decreases and cannot provideenough SNR for communication, and thereby leading to failure ofcommunication. The strength of electromagnetic wave can be decreasedgreatly not only when the distance between MTC terminal and the basestation is far, but also when the distance between MTC terminal and thebase station is close in case the MTC terminal such as IoT terminal usedas an IoT sensor is located at underground, underwater, or any closedspace closed with metal such as steel door.

The base station have difficulty in receiving successfully RACHtransmitted from MTC terminal when the strength of electromagnetic waveis weak. Basically, the MTC terminal can register itself desired basestation when RACH is successfully received. A method is required toincrease SNR by more than 20 dB to compensate for a 20 dB loss of thestrength of electromagnetic wave. One of such methods is repetitiontransmission. However, it is required to reduce the frequency (ornumber) of the repetition transmission because, when repetitiontransmission increases, data rate decreases, transmission timeincreases, power consumption increases, resources are continuouslyallocated, and thus leading to deterioration of communicationefficiency.

The repetition transmission technique is not required when MTC terminalis located closely from the base station or when the loss of thestrength of electromagnetic wave is not as large as 20 dB. Therefore, anMTC terminal can be operated as a small coverage terminal or a largecoverage terminal according to the loss of the strength ofelectromagnetic wave—for example, 10 dB, 12 dB, 13 dB, 14 dB, 15 dB,etc—or SNR, and the MTC terminal can be operated with optimal parametersfor each of the small coverage terminal and the large coverage terminal.As a result, when the strength of electromagnetic wave does not greatlydecrease or when the loss of the strength of electromagnetic wave is notas large as 20 dB, by reducing the frequency (or number) of therepetition transmission, it is possible to prevent negative effect dueto the decrease of data rate, the decrease of transmission time, theincrease of power consumption, the deterioration of communicationefficiency. An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to anotherexample embodiment of the present invention may enable adaptivelyadjusting a frequency hopping pattern according to a channel stateand/or data characteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting orchanging a frequency hopping range according to a channel state and/ordata characteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting afrequency hopping bandwidth according to a channel state and/or datacharacteristic/properties. A specific bandwidth may be selected forfrequency hopping according to a channel state and/or datacharacteristics/properties. If a state of a channel at a specificbandwidth is not good, the frequency bandwidth may not be used. If astate of a channel at a specific bandwidth is good, frequency hoppingmay be performed using the frequency bandwidth.

It is possible to adaptively adjust a guard band or guard time (or idletime) according to a channel state and/or datacharacteristics/properties. That is, a frequency hopping pattern may beused by designating a specific band as a guard band according to achannel state or by designating a specific time as a guard timeaccording to a channel state.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting afrequency hopping cycle according to a channel state and/or datacharacteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjustinglength of a frequency hopping pattern according to a channel stateand/or data characteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting thenumber of repetition of a frequency hopping pattern according to achannel state and/or data characteristics/properties.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting thenumber of repetition of a frequency hopping pattern according to achannel state and/or data characteristics/properties.

If a channel state is good, frequency hopping may not be performed andinformation on whether frequency hopping is performed may be transmittedfrom a base station to an MTC terminal.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively changing ahopping pattern according to importance of data and datacharacteristics/properties. For example, important data, such as an MIB,an SIB, control information, and 911 emergency information, are muchimportant than general data, and, in this case, the number of repetition(or frequency) of a hopping pattern is increased to increase a diversitygain so as to reduce a receiving error and therefore improveperformance. In another example, frequency hopping may not be performedsince there may be a case where it is hard to notify a hopping patternregarding such important data.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively changing ahopping pattern according to data volume. If there is a lot of data tobe transmitted, frequency hopping may be performed slowly.

A frequency hopping bandwidth may be 6PRB, 5PRB, 4PRB, 3PRB, 2PRB, or1PRB according to a volume of data to be transmitted.

The aforementioned guard time, guard band, guard bandwidth, frequencyhopping starting time, frequency hopping ending time, and the like maybe notified by a base station to an MTC terminal.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may be applied to paging, an SIB,and a Random Access Response (RAR).

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may be implemented such thatfrequency hopping is not performed on PSS, SSS, or PBCH, which an MTCterminal first receives, but performed using a preset frequencybandwidth.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may enable adaptively adjusting alocation where frequency hopping starts to be performed according to atype of an MTC terminal. The MTC repetition transmission schemeaccording to another example embodiment of the present invention mayenable adjust each MTC terminal's location where frequency hoppingstarts to be performed.

An MTC repetition transmission scheme according to another exampleembodiment of the present invention may be applied to an uplink.

Method of Notifying Narrow Band Information in the Case of PerformingFrequency Hopping

In frequency hopping for MTC, the narrow band set of the frequencyhopping can be limited to specific set(s) of narrow band such that thefrequency hopping is performed at specific set(s) of narrow band.

In the case of LTE downlink frequency hopping for MTC, information onusage of a narrow band, such as a narrow band set, may be notified inthe following manners.

First, an available narrow band set may be notified to an MTC terminalby using system information, such as an MIB or an SIB, which arebroadcasted to all MTC terminals in a network, and all the MTC terminalmay be allowed to use the available narrow band set. Alternatively,information of available narrow band set(s) may be notified to an MTCterminal by encoding MIB and/or SIB with a specific code representing aspecific number. Particularly, information of available narrow bandset(s) may be notified to an MTC terminal by multiplying MIB and/or SIBdata by specific code representing each narrow band set to encode andtransmit MIB and/or SIB.

The meaning of multiplying MIB and/or SIB data by specific coderepresenting each narrow band set to encode and transmit MIB and/or SIB,for example in case a base station operates ten narrow band sets, isthat ten narrow band sets are not transmitted as bit format but MIBand/or SIB data is multiplied by specific code representing each narrowband set to encode and transmit MIB and/or SIB. Particularly, MIB and/orSIB data is multiplied by a code representing a specific narrow band setto be transmitted to an MTC terminal, the MTC terminal multipliesreceived MIB and/or SIB data by ten codes, and check if there is a codeby which no CRC error occurs and decoding is successfully done so thatMTC terminal can identify which narrow band set is encoded.

In case a base station operates ten narrow band sets, the informationshowing which narrow band set is used can be directly notified to MTCterminal through MIB and/or SIB, alternatively, without preparing for orpredetermining ten narrow band sets, the information showing a specificRB is used for narrow band set can be notified to MTC terminal. Thelocation of resource of PDSCH carrying SIB may be notified throughPDCCH, when narrow band sets to be used at MTC terminal(s) arepredetermined, the information showing which narrow band set(s) is usedshould be notified to MTC terminal in order to receive PDSCH or PDCCH.Therefore, the information showing which narrow band set(s) is used forSIB should be predetermined or should be notified through MIB to MTCterminal. A specific narrow band set should be used for PDSCH carryingSIB because PDSCH which carries SIB performs frequency hopping, and, ifthe information of narrow band set is included in SIB, MTC terminalcannot decode since narrow band set of PDSCH carrying SIB is not knownto MTC terminal. Alternatively, the narrow band set used for datatransmission may be notified through SIB but only narrow band set ofPDSCH carrying SIB may be notified through MIB. Alternatively,information of narrow band set may be notified through PDCCH in order toallocate different narrow band set for each MTC terminal, in this case,the narrow band set used by all MTC terminal may be predetermined.

In addition, a terminal ID, such as an RNTI, an IMSI, or a GUTI, may beapplied to a predetermined formula so as to allow each MTC terminal todetermine a narrow band set or frequency hopping pattern allocated. Thatis, by using system information and a terminal ID, it is possible foreach MTC terminal in a network to determine a narrow band set orfrequency hopping pattern which is allocated thereto.

Second, a commonly available narrow band set may be notified to users ofa specific group by using a downlink control channel, e.g., PDCCH, andthe users of the specific group are allowed to use the available narrowband set.

In addition, a terminal ID, such as RNTI, IMSI, TMSI, or GUTI, isapplied to a predetermined formula so as to allow each MTC terminal todetermine a narrow band set or frequency hopping pattern allocatedthereto. That is, by using a downlink control channel and a terminal IDwhich are provided to users of a specific group, it is possible for eachMTC terminal in a network to determine a narrow band set or frequencyhopping pattern allocated thereto.

Third, it is possible to notify an available narrow band set to aspecific user by using a downlink control signal, e.g., a UE-specificEPDCCH, and to allow a specific user terminal to use the availablenarrow band set.

Fourth, it is possible to determine an available narrow band set orfrequency hopping pattern by using not only a terminal ID, such as RNTI,IMSI, TMSI, or GUTI, but also cell ID, a System Frame Number (SFN), asubframe index, and a slot index in a process of determining anavailable narrow band set.

Specifically, an SFN, which is transmitted from a base station as systeminformation, such as MIB and SIB1, and an IMSI value of each MTCterminal are applied to a predetermined formula so as to allow each MTCterminal in a network to determine an independent narrow band set orfrequency hopping pattern allocated thereto. Similarly, not only an SFNand a terminal ID, but also a subframe index and a slot index may beused to change each subframe/slot multi-subframe scheduling informationitem, so that independent scheduling information for each MTC terminalmay be determined.

Similarly, not only an SFN and a terminal ID, but also a subframe indexand a slot index may be used to adjust subframe/slot multi-subframescheduling information of a corresponding slot or a correspondingsubframe, so that independent scheduling information for each MTCterminal may be determined.

By doing so, common information for all users or a specific group istransmitted via communications whereas other information may is to bedetermined by a terminal, and therefore, it is possible minimizeoverhead so maximize efficiency of the system.

Fifth, if a frequency hopping cycle is notified to an MTC terminal andthe frequency hopping cycle is finished, an available narrow band setmay be notified based on control information (MIB, SIB, PDCCH, orEPDCCH) and the narrow band set is allowed to be used until the nextfrequency hopping cycle.

Receiving Technology of MTC Terminal

An MTC terminal may receive various information items one by one if thevarious information items are provided simultaneously.

However, if data to be provided simultaneously include importantinformation, such as paging (a data arrival notifying signal) systeminformation, the MTC terminal may set priorities and receive the dataaccording to the priorities.

If an MTC terminal according to an example embodiment of the presentinvention receives various information items simultaneously, prioritiesmay be in an order of MIB, SIB, Paging, and Data, and then the data maybe decoded.

Uplink Random Access Technology of MTC Terminal

Regarding coverage improvement, an RACH process in an MTC terminal isimportant.

In the case of existing MTC, a data transmission rate is about 100 kbps(a bandwidth is fixed to 1.4 MHz), so there is need for a method fordramatically improving coverage while maintaining low power consumptionof an MTC terminal.

Regarding a RACH process in an MTC terminal for coverage improvement, ifa signal to be transmitted from the MTC terminal to a base station forperformance improvement is repetitively transmitted,

1) periodic repetition transmission,

2) dynamic repetition transmission, or

3) persistent repetition transmission is possible.

In the case of periodic repetition transmission, an MTC terminal mayrepetitively transmitting a signal (e.g., a PRACH preamble) at apredetermined cycle.

In the case of dynamic repetition transmission, an MTC terminal maydynamically determine at a repetition cycle whether to transmit data.Here, a parameter relative to repetition transmission, such as whetherto repetitively transmit data and/or the repetition cycle, may bedetermined by a base station or a network, may be a value set by the MTCterminal, or may be a preset value.

In a repetition pattern including a specific number of continuouscycles, a signal (e.g., a PRACH preamble) may be repetitivelytransmitted.

Based on the PRACH preamble transmitted from the MTC terminal, the basestation determines whether the MTC terminal exists. The PRACH preamblesmay be predetermined for MTC terminals, the base station candifferentiate MTC terminal from general terminal based on differencebetween PRACH preambles. The PRACH preamble is a kind of code, and achadoff chu code may be used. Alternatively, the PRACH preamble is not abinary code but it may be multiplied by a binary code to generate a newcode.

In particular, regarding the RACH process in an MTC terminal forcoverage improvement, a method of distinguishing an MTC coverageextension terminal and a general terminal based on a PRACH signal isrequired.

Methods of distinguishing an MTC coverage extension terminal and ageneral terminal without transmitting an additional control signal areas below.

The base station differentiates MTC terminal from general LTE/LTE-Aterminal (Legacy terminal), and MTC terminal may be operated as a smallcoverage terminal or a large coverage terminal, thereby maximizingcommunication efficiency.

1) The two terminals are distinguished based on a PRACH preamble (thatis, a code: CDM), so a base station manages a PRACH preamble group whichis exclusive for an additional MTC terminal.

2) The two terminals are distinguished based on Time and frequencyresource locations (FDM, TDM)

3) The two terminals are distinguished based on a pattern which isgenerated by combining a specific pattern indicative of an MTC terminalwith an existing PRACH preamble (this method is similar to CDM butdifferent therefrom in that a code is multiplied to an existing code).

In particular, the method 3) may be implemented by adding a new patternto an existing PRACH preamble code.

For example, in the method 3), the existing PRACH preamble is used, butwhen the existing PRACH preamble is repetitively transmitted, adifferent TDM or FDM pattern or a different CDM code value may be usedto distinguish the MTC coverage extension terminal from a generalterminal. Specifically, according to an index (e.g., 0 to 5 may beallocated according to a repetition pattern) of a repetition patternused to repetitively transmit 100110, 100110 is transmitted at first andthen 011001, which is reverse to 100110, is transmitted to distinguishan MTC coverage extension terminal from a general terminal. If the aboveis generalized, it would be a c_i_code+a new_code or a c_i_code (anexisting PRACH preamble code)×a new_code (in the case of CDM). In thecase of CDM, a new PRACH preamble code may be made by combining a newcode with an existing PRACH preamble in various ways, or a totally newMTC exclusive preamble group may be made. In the case of CDM, the finalresult would be another PRACH preamble.

Alternatively, a resource allocation pattern, such as TDM/FDM, may bechanged based on such a new code. A code may be periodically changed andtransmitted in the case of TDM and FDM or a TDM or FDM pattern may beused for the distinction. Accordingly, a code may be changed in arepetition transmission pattern. The change pattern may be a uniquepattern which indicates an MTC CE terminal. Specifically, a singlespecific pattern indicative of an MTC terminal includes a CRC patternused in the current downlink control channel, and a CRC output may beused in the downlink control channel by performing XOR of the CRC outputto C-RNTI. Thus, it may be considered changing a code based on an ID,such as C-RNTI. In addition, not just an ID, but a new code may bedefined, and XOR, multiplication, or addition may be performed on thenew code and an existing code. If the same code is repetitively, thecode may be changed periodically in a specific manner, such as an evenor odd number code with code symbols which are in reverse order. Aresource allocation pattern is for a method in which time and frequencylocation of resources to be transmitted are periodically changed in aspecific pattern when the same code is repetitively transmitted. Inaddition, there is a method in which once a PRACH code is allocated to aspecific time and to a specific frequency location, an MTC CE terminalis recognized.

The above example is about a method of distinguishing an MTC coverageextension terminal from a general terminal by combining CDM and arepetition transmission pattern. That is, as one of ways to reuse aPRACH code used in existing LTE, the MTC terminal needs to repetitivelytransmit PRACH and thus the repetition transmission pattern may becombined with an existing PRACH code. That is, by changing an existingPRACH preamble code in a specific pattern at each time for repetitiontransmission, an MTC coverage improvement may be distinguished from ageneral terminal. If a code is changed as shown in the above example inorder to distinguish the MTC coverage extension terminal from a generalterminal, the code may not collide with any code and may be capable ofbeing changed easily.

Another method is combining a specific code indicative of the above 3)MTC terminal with an existing PRACH preamble code. Existing LTE enablesdiscovering its own PDCCH by performing blind decoding. In this case, anew CRC is generated by performing XOR of its own ID (C-RNTI in the caseof LTE) on CRC, and then the new CRC is added to DPCCH and thentransmitted. Therefore, by checking the CRC, a receiver may determinewhether the transmitted PDCCH is the receiver's PDCCH or not. Thismethod enables checking whether a code is changed or not in the casewhere appropriate change (e.g., XOR) is made to the code with respect toa specific different code. This concept is applied to the method 3).That is, a specific code indicative of an MTC terminal is set, and thespecific code is combined with/changed with respect to an existing PRACHcode. In the case of LTE, an existing PRACH code is not a binary code,so it is not easy to change the existing PRACH code by performing XOR,and thus, the existing PRACH code needs to be changed in a differentmanner, such as multiplication.

With respect to a less complicated MTC terminal and an MTC terminaloperating in a cell expansion mode, the following three receiving modesmay be applied to a RAR message and a paging message.

1) Option 1

The RAR message and the paging message is received using a PDSCH whichhas been scheduled by an M-PDCCH, that is, a PDSCH whose schedulinginformation is transmitted by an M-PDCCH.

2) Option 2

The RAR message and the paging message are received using DCI of anM-PDCCH.

3) Option 3

The RAR message and the paging message are received using anM-PDCCH-less PDCSH.

A case of receiving a single MAC RAR message within a narrow band maysupport the use of DCI of M-PDCCH shown in Option 2.

A case of receiving multiple MAC RAR messages within a narrow band maysupport the use of PDSCH which has been scheduled by M-PDCCH shown inOption 1.

In a case where the number of MAC RAR messages are less than a specificreference level or where size of an MAC RAR message is smaller than aspecific reference level, some of the MAC RAR messages are received asDCI and the rest may be included in PDSCH to be received.

Alternatively, in a case where the number of MAC RAR messages is greaterthan a specific reference level or where size of an MAC RAR message isgreater than a specific reference level, the MAC RAR messages may bereceived at an MTC terminal not by using DCI of M-PDCCH, but

A base station may enable an SIB to indicate whether a mode forreceiving an RAR or paging message is supported or not. For example, ina case of indicating where a base station supports only Option 1, Option1 may be used even for a single MAC RAR.

MTC terminals of the present invention may be used in variousapplication fields, and may be applied to a case where low powerconsumption is required while communications for infrequent small bursttransmission are used. For example, the MTC terminals may be applied toa wearable device which performs smart metering, which is for electricpower metering, implements health-related applications, and the like.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an MTC terminalaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2is a schematic block diagram illustrating an MTC communication systemaccording to an example embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an MTC terminal 100 includes a transceiver120, a processor 110, and an antenna 130, and performs MTCcommunications which includes MTC frequency hopping, transmission of MTCsystem information (MIB), and MTC terminal uplink random accessaccording to example embodiments of the present invention.

The transceiver 120 receives data and a control signal (a messageindicating whether downlink data exists) from the base station 120through the antenna 130, and transmits data and a control signal (amessage for requesting transmission of downlink data) to the basestation 120 through an uplink 154.

The processor 110 may control the transceiver to determine a point intime of transmitting a control signal (a message for requestingtransmission of downlink data).

The processor 110 may be a general purpose processor, a special purposeprocessor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), amicroprocessor, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSPcore, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA)circuit, an integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. Theprocessor 110 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control,input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables theterminal to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 110 may becoupled to the transceiver 120.

While FIG. 2 depicts the processor 110 and the transceiver 120 asseparate components, the processor 110 and the transceiver 120 may beintegrated together in an electronic package or chip.

For example, in one embodiment, the antenna 130 may be an antennaconfigured to transmit and/or receive RF signals. In another embodiment,the antenna 130 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/orreceive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. The transceiver120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by theantenna 130, and demodulate signals to be received by the antenna.

The base stations may communicate with one or more of the terminals overan air interface, which may be any suitable wireless communication link,(e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV),visible light, and the like).

The MTC communications system may be a multiple access system and mayemploy one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA,OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station in the RANand the MTC terminal may implement a radio technology such as universalmobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access (UTRA),which may establish the air interface using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMAmay include communication protocols such as high-speed packet access(HSPA) and/or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include high-speed downlink(DL) packet access (HSDPA) and/or high-speed uplink (UL) packet access(HSUPA). In another embodiment, the base station and the MTC terminalmay implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), whichmay establish the air interface using long term evolution (LTE) and/orLTE-Advanced (LTE-A).

In other embodiments, the base station and the MTC terminal mayimplement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.16 (i.e., worldwideinteroperability for microwave access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1×,CDMA2000 evolution-data optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000(IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856),global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data rates forGSM evolution (EDGE), GSM/EDGE RAN (GERAN), and the like.

In FIG. 2, a base station may be, for example, a wireless router, a HomeNode B (HNB), a Home evolved Node B (HeNB), or an Access Point (AP), andmay use an arbitrary and appropriate Radio Access Technology (RAT) whichmakes it wireless access easy in a local area, such as a workplace, ahome, a vehicle, a campus, and the like. In an example embodiment, thebase station and MTC terminals may implement a radio technology, such asIEEE 802.11, in order to set a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Inanother example embodiment, the base station and MTC terminals mayimplement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, in order to set aWireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). In another example embodiment,the base station and MTC terminals may use a cellular-based RAT (e.g.,Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division MultipleAccess 2000 (CDMA2000), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),LTE, and Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A)). The base station mayhave access directly to the Internet. Therefore, the base station maynot be required to access the Internet through a core network.

Multi-Subframe Scheduling Scheme in the Case of Performing FrequencyHopping

Information required for multi-subframe channel estimation can be added.In order to perform the multi-subframe channel estimation, a power levelor coding scheme of RS (Reference signal), which is a kind of pilotsignal, between continuous multi-subframes should not be changed, apower level or coding scheme of CRS(Cell-specific Reference signal)cannot be changed, but a power level or coding scheme of DMRS(Demodulation Reference signal), which is a kind of RS (Referencesignal) transmitted for respective terminal, can be changed for eachsubframe according to legacy LTE/LTE-A standard. Therefore, a powerlevel or coding scheme of URS (UE-specific Reference signal) is notchanged in corresponding multi-subframe during multi-subframe channelestimation. Regarding LTE Rel 13UE supporting enhanced coverage, whentransmission of a unicast PDSCH is scheduled by an EPDCCH (which is aPDCCH for MTC communications), multi-subframe scheduling may besupported.

In addition, regarding LTE Rel 13 Low complexity MTC UE which supportsnormal coverage, transmission of a unicast PDSCH is scheduled by anEPDCCH (which is a PDCCH for MTC communications), multi-subframescheduling may be supported.

Multi-subframe scheduling or cross-subframe scheduling is a schedulingmethod in which a specific UE burst may be scheduled in varioussubframes, not an existing scheduling method in which a single PDSCH (ora PUSCH) UE burst is capable of being scheduled in a single subframe andscheduling information of the corresponding UE burst is determined by asingle PDCCH/EPDCCH control information item corresponding thereto. Thatis, unlike the existing method in which scheduling information of aPDSCH burst for a specific UE in a specific subframe may be determinedas a single PDCCH/EPDCCH control information item for the specific UE inthe specific subframe, a PDSCH burst for a specific UE in varioussubframes may be allocated by a single PDCCH/EPDCCH control informationfor the specific UE in a specific subframe.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are conceptual diagrams illustrating multi-subframescheduling or cross-subframe scheduling in the case of transmission of aPISCH according to an example embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, by employing multi-subframe scheduling orcross-subframe scheduling, it is possible to schedule multiple PUSCHtransmission (or multiple PDSCH transmissions) in a single DownlinkControl Information (DCI) format, thereby dramatically reducing downlinkcontrol overhead.

In addition, in the case of PUSCH transmission in FIG. 8, an uplink datarate has 2.33 times greater than that of PUSCH transmission in FIG. 7.Such multi-subframe scheduling or cross-subframe scheduling may beapplied to downlink PDSCH transmission.

Multi-subframe scheduling or cross-subframe scheduling may be employedfor R12 MTC communication for the purpose of coverage improvement: if anEPDCCH is repetitively transmitted for coverage improvement, it requireslong time to decode a great amount of control information at a terminal,so that starting a related PDSCH may be delayed, and, if an MTC terminalsupporting coverage improvement employs EPDCCH repetition transmission,multi-subframe scheduling or cross-subframe scheduling is required.

Multi-subframe scheduling or cross-subframe scheduling may dramaticallyreduce downlink control overhead, power consumption, and the number ofswitching of subframes, and may increase a data rate.

Hereinafter, a multi-subframe scheduling scheme in the case ofperforming frequency hopping is described.

1) By using system information, such as an MIB or an SIB, which isrepetitively broadcasted to all MTC terminals within a network, it ispossible to provide common multi-subframe scheduling information so thatall the MTC terminals within the network may use the multi-subframescheduling information.

In addition, it is possible to enable an MTC terminal to uniquelydetermine multi-subframe scheduling information allocated thereto byapplying a terminal ID, such as RNTI, IMSI, or GUTI, to a predeterminedformula. That is, by using system information and a terminal ID, it ispossible to enable each MTC terminal within a network to determinemulti-subframe scheduling information allocated thereto.

2) It is possible to provide commonly available multi-subframescheduling information to users of a specific group by using a downlinkcontrol channel, such as a PDCCH, which is transmitted to the users ofthe specific group, so that the users of the specific group may use theavailable multi-subframe scheduling information.

In addition, it is possible to enable a MTC terminal to uniquelydetermine multi-subframe scheduling information allocated thereto byapplying a terminal ID, such as RNTI, IMSI, TMSI, or GUTI, to apredetermined formula. That is, by using common downlink multi-subframescheduling information provided to users of a specific group and aterminal ID, it is possible to enable each MTC terminal within a networkto determine multi-subframe scheduling information allocated thereto.

3) By using a downlink control channel (e.g., a UE-specific-EPDCCH)transmitted to a specific user, it is possible to provide multi-subframescheduling information to the specific user so that a terminal of thespecific user may use the multi-subframe scheduling information.

4) In the process of determining multi-subframe scheduling informationin the aforementioned three manners, an SFN, a subframe index, and aslot index may be further used to determine multi-frame schedulinginformation.

Specifically, by applying an ID of an MTC terminal and an SFN, such asan MIB and an SIB1, which is transmitted from a base station as systeminformation, to a predetermined formula used for determiningmulti-subframe scheduling information, each MTC terminal within anetwork may be enabled to determine independent multi-subframescheduling information allocated thereto. In the same manner, each MTCterminal is allowed to adjust subframe/slot multi-subframe schedulinginformation by using not only an SFN and a terminal ID, but also asubframe index and a slot index, so that each MTC terminal may determineindependent scheduling information. By doing so, frequency resources maynot be wasted since only information common among all users of aspecific group is transmitted via real communications and an additionalsignal is transmitted in other processes not via communications, andsystem efficiency may be maximized since the waste of frequencyresources may be reduced as an MTC terminal is enabled to make adetermination on its own.

Second, a frequency hopping cycle is managed to be aligned withmulti-subframe scheduling, so that only scheduling information may betransmitted to an MTC terminal.

Third, by employing semi-static scheduling, it is possible to usecontrol information (e.g., PDCCH) to notify the number ofmulti-subframes and a starting port and an ending point of a subframeusing the same scheduling.

Fourth, two or more of a repetition cycle, a multi-subframe schedulingcycle, and a frequency hopping pattern cycle are managed to be alignedtherewith.

Fifth, instead of providing frequency hopping pattern and cycle,repetition cycle and number of times thereof, and multi-subframescheduling information separately through a PBCH, a PDCCH, and anEPDCCH, one pattern out of the above three, two patterns according totwo patterns, and an interaction formula preset between cycles aredetermined and used, so that control information necessary to betransmitted may be reduced, thereby maximizing system efficiency. Thesimplest way is the fourth way in which the cycles are aligned with eachother.

The above methods enable reducing size of common control informationnecessary to be transmitted. If there is information capable of beingshared between various patterns, the amount of information necessary tobe transmitted may be reduced further than transmitting all theinformation separately, and thus, overhead may be reduced. Inparticular, in the case of the third method, persistent scheduling is amethod which is used in the existing LTE VoIP and in which, in the caseof voice, data needs to be transmitted persistently in each subframesince voice has a real-time characteristic. To this end, once aPDCCH/EPDCCH carries scheduling, operations are performed in subsequentsubframes according to the same scheduling information sincetransmitting a PDCCH/EPDCCH attached with scheduling information in eachsubframe at each time is cumbersome. In order to reuse the schedulinginformation, only duration of performing persistent scheduling is setand provided since an MTC terminal is mainly about data, not voice, buteven a volume of data is small.

Sharing Repetition Transmission Information, Scheduling Information, andFrequency Hopping Information Between an Uplink and a Downlink of an MTCTerminal

MTC terminals for coverage improvement may share a repetition level forrepetition transmission, scheduling information, and a frequency hoppingpattern in a downlink (DL)/uplink (UL).

Here, repetition transmission may indicates repetitively transmittingPBCH carrying an MIB, PDSCH carrying an SIB, a PDCCH, a (E)PDCCH, aPUSCH, a PUCCH, or an RAR.

The repetition level indicates the number of repetition of transmission.

In addition, in a downlink/uplink, the MTC terminals for coverageimprovement, a repetition cycle may share the number of repetition,information on a repetition pattern, and information on whether toemploy bundling for repetition transmission. Here, bundling is atechnology of transmitting an PBCH carrying an MIB, PDSCH carrying anSIB, a PDCCH, a (E)PDCCH, a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and a PRACH repetitively orat once.

In addition, in a downlink/uplink, the MTC terminals for coverageimprovement may share resource information regarding persistentscheduling and whether to employ persistent scheduling.

In addition, in a downlink/uplink, the MTC terminals for coverageimprovement may share whether to employ multi-subframe scheduling, amulti-subframe scheduling cycle, and the number of multi-subframes.

In addition, in a downlink/uplink, the MTC terminals for coverageimprovement may share a frequency hopping cycle and narrow band usageinformation. For example, the narrow band usage information may includean available narrow band set and information on size of a narrow band.Size of a narrow band may be smaller than 6 PRB, for example, 5 PRB, 4PRB, and 3 PRB; may be greater than 6 PRB, for example, 7 PRB, 8 PRB,and 9 PRB; may be 12 PRB which is twice greater than 6 PRB; or may be 18PRB which is three times greater than 6 PRB. Size of a narrow band maybe fixed to a value selected from a plurality of numeric values, or maybe adaptively used according to circumstances. For example, if size of anarrow band is small, more narrow bands may be provided, and thus, itmay be possible to support a plurality of MTC terminals or to provide awider available frequency hopping band. If size of a narrow band isgreat, it may be possible to increase a data transmission rate.

As a method of sharing information in a downlink/uplink, the samerepetition level, the same scheduling information, and the samefrequency hopping pattern of a downlink of an uplink may be used in adownlink. Alternatively, downlink information (a repetition level,scheduling information, and a frequency hopping pattern) is used as aninput according to a rule preset in an uplink so as to induce uplinkinformation (a repetition level, scheduling information, and a frequencyhopping pattern).

In addition, the same repetition level, the same scheduling information,and the same frequency hopping pattern of a downlink of a downlink maybe used in an uplink. Alternatively, uplink information (a repetitionlevel, scheduling information, and a frequency hopping pattern) is usedas an input according to a rule preset in a downlink so as to inducedownlink information (a repetition level, scheduling information, and afrequency hopping pattern).

In the case of transmitting an RAR, an MTC terminal may be informed,based on a repetition level of the most recent PRACH, of a repetitionlevel of transmission of the RAR.

In the case of transmitting an RAR, an MTC terminal may be informed,based on the most recent PRACH resource set, of a subframe in which theRAR starts to be transmitted.

In the case of transmitting an RAR, an MTC terminal may be informed,based on the most recent PRACH resource set, of a frequency resource(s)in which the RAR is transmitted.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a data transmission method forapplication of an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor which is based on alow-speed data rate according to another example embodiment of thepresent invention. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a data transmissionmethod in a case where 1RB is divided into 12 to be applied to an IoTsensor in 200 KHz (e.g., 1RB) which is a data rate of a GSM system. Thedata transmission method of FIG. 11 uses a low-speed data rate, which isablue ⅙ of an MTC data rate, and thus may be applied mainly to alow-speed IoT sensor.

Referring to FIG. 11, in the data transmission method for application ofan IoT sensor which is based on a low-speed data rate according toanother example embodiment of the present invention, a receivertransmits pilots and data arranged alternatively as shown in FIG. 11,wherein a pilot 1101-N is added to the last data 1102-N. Here, the pilot1101-N may be generated by copying a pilot 1101-0. When decoding data1002-1, the receiver performs the decoding by using both of a pilot1000-0 and a pilot 1001-1, thereby achieving decoding accuracy higherthan a case where the receiver performs the decoding by using only apilot 1001-0 (or the pilot 1001-1). In addition, when decoding data1002-2, the receiver may perform the decoding by using both of the pilot100-1 and the pilot 1001-2, thereby improving performance muchsignificantly than a case where the receiver performs the decoding byusing only the pilot 1001-1 (or the pilot 1001-2). In addition, whendecoding the data 1002-N, the receiver performs the decoding by usingboth of a pilot 1000-(N−1) and a pilot 10001-N, thereby improvingperformance much significantly than a case where the receiver performsthe decoding by using only a pilot 1001-(N−1) (or the pilot 1001-N). Thepilot 1101-0 may be omitted when preamble/RS (reference signal) existsbefore pilot 1101-0.

The PRACH preamble may be transmitted using bandwidth smaller thansubcarrier space. SNR increases when the bandwidth decrease. When thebandwidth decrease, the data rate decreases, but there is no sideeffects due to the decrease of data rate since the PRACH preamble doesnot include data.

When PUSCH is scheduled to transmit UCI information to be carried viaPUCCH, the UCI information to be carried via PUCCH may be transmittedvia PUSCH, instead of via PUCCH. Alternatively, the UCI information tobe carried via PUCCH may be transmitted via PRACH preamble instead ofvia PUCCH. Alternatively, some of UCI information to be carried viaPUCCH may not be transmitted.

If MTC communications is available at a bandwidth smaller than 6PRB, itis possible to divide 6PRB data over various TTIs. For example, if up to3PRB is able to be managed at an available bandwidth, a 6PRB signal maybe transmitted in two phases. In another example, if 1PRB (180 kHz,about 200 kHz) is available, the 6PRB signal may be transmitted in sixphrases.

Legacy LTE uses a kind of Full Deuplex as TDD/FDD. Legacy LTE cantransmit and receive simultaneously, but since both transmitter andreceiver operate, power consumption increases and complexity increases.Since MTC does not require high data rate, MTC may use Half Duplex sothat power consumption and complexity can be reduced compared with FullDeuplex.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described,it will be understood by one of ordinary skill that variousmodifications can be made to the present invention without departingfrom the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for receiving a downlink communicationfrom a base station to the device, the device comprising: a transceiverthat transmits and receives a radio signal; and a processor operativelycoupled with the transceiver and configured to: receive systeminformation, control information and/or data from the base station usinga system bandwidth; wherein the system information includes at least oneof a Master Information Block (MIB) and a System Information Block(SIB), wherein the system information, the control information and/orthe data is received from the base station repetitively, wherein thereception of the Master Information Block (MIB) relates to a receptionof same signal repetitively and a reception of same data with differenttypes of signal repetitively, wherein the different types of signal is asignal encoded differently, and wherein a frequency hopping pattern isgenerated by using a combination of a cell identifier (ID), a SystemFrame Number (SFN) and a subframe index.
 2. The device of claim 1,wherein the processor is further configured to perform a frequencyhopping on the system information, the control information and/or thedata, wherein the frequency hopping is performed using the frequencyhopping pattern, and wherein the system information on which thefrequency hopping is performed excludes the Master Information Block(MIB).
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein an available narrow band set ofthe frequency hopping is notified to a terminal by using the SystemInformation Block (SIB).
 4. The device of claim 2, wherein a narrow bandset of the frequency hopping is limited to specific narrow band set(s)and the frequency hopping is performed at specific narrow band set(s).5. The device of claim 1, wherein the reception of the MasterInformation Block (MIB) relates to a reception of Physical BroadcastChannel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) repetitively,wherein the reception of same signal repetitively and the reception ofsame data with different types of signal repetitively relates to areception of same data with same electrical signal repetitively and areception of same data with different types of electrical signalrepetitively, and wherein the data in the same data represent the MasterInformation Block (MIB), and the signal in the same signal and thesignal in the different types of signal include a signal fortransmitting the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel).
 6. An apparatus fortransmitting a downlink communication to a terminal, the apparatuscomprising: a transceiver that transmits and receives a radio signal;and a processor operatively coupled with the transceiver and configuredto: transmit system information, control information and/or data to theterminal using a system bandwidth; wherein the system informationincludes at least one of a Master Information Block (MIB) and a SystemInformation Block (SIB), wherein the system information, the controlinformation and/or the data is transmitted to the terminal repetitively,wherein a frame includes a plurality of subframes, and each frame isdistinguished by a System Frame Number (SFN), wherein the transmissionof the Master Information Block (MIB) relates to a transmission of samesignal repetitively and a transmission of same data with different typesof signal repetitively, wherein the different types of signal is asignal encoded differently, and wherein an available narrow band set ofa frequency hopping is notified to the terminal by using the SystemInformation Block (SIB).
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein theprocessor is further configured to perform the frequency hopping on thesystem information, the control information and/or the data, wherein thefrequency hopping is performed using a frequency hopping pattern, andwherein the system information on which the frequency hopping isperformed excludes the Master Information Block (MIB).
 8. The apparatusof claim 7, wherein a narrow band set of the frequency hopping islimited to specific narrow band set(s) and the frequency hopping isperformed at specific narrow band set(s).
 9. The apparatus of claim 7,wherein the frequency hopping pattern is generated by using acombination of a cell identifier (ID), the System Frame Number (SFN) anda subframe index.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the transmissionof the Master Information Block (MIB) relates to a transmission ofPhysical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block(MIB) repetitively, wherein the transmission of same signal repetitivelyand the transmission of same data with different types of signalrepetitively relates to a transmission of same data with same electricalsignal repetitively and a transmission of same data with different typesof electrical signal repetitively, and wherein the data in the same datarepresent the Master Information Block (MIB), and the signal in the samesignal and the signal in the different types of signal include a signalfor transmitting the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel).
 11. A method ofperforming a downlink communication from a base station to a terminal,the method comprising: transmitting, by the base station, systeminformation, control information and/or data to the terminal using asystem bandwidth, wherein the system information includes at least oneof a Master Information Block (MIB) and a System Information Block(SIB), wherein the system information, the control information and/orthe data is transmitted by the base station repetitively, wherein aframe includes a plurality of subframes, and each frame is distinguishedby a System Frame Number (SFN), wherein the transmission of the MasterInformation Block (MIB) relates to a transmission of same signalrepetitively and/or a transmission of same data with different types ofsignal repetitively, and wherein the transmission of same signalrepetitively and the transmission of same data with different types ofsignal repetitively includes: repetitively transmitting same data withthe different types of signal encoded differently during repetitivetransmission of the Master Information Block (MIB); and repetitivelytransmitting the same signal which is the same as the different types ofsignal, wherein a frequency hopping pattern is generated by using acombination of a cell identifier (ID), the System Frame Number (SFN) anda subframe index.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:performing, by the base station, a frequency hopping on the systeminformation, the control information and/or the data, wherein thefrequency hopping is performed using the frequency hopping pattern,wherein the system information on which the frequency hopping isperformed excludes the Master Information Block (MIB), and wherein anavailable narrow band set of the frequency hopping is notified to theterminal by using the System Information Block (SIB).
 13. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the different types of signal is a signal encodeddifferently, wherein the transmission of the Master Information Block(MIB) relates to a transmission of Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) repetitively, wherein thetransmission of same signal repetitively and the transmission of samedata with different types of signal repetitively relates to atransmission of same data with same electrical signal repetitively and atransmission of same data with different types of electrical signalrepetitively, and wherein the data in the same data represent the MasterInformation Block (MIB), and the signal in the same signal and thesignal in the different types of signal include a signal fortransmitting the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel).
 14. The method ofclaim 11, wherein a narrow band set of a frequency hopping is limited tospecific narrow band set(s) and the frequency hopping is performed atspecific narrow band set(s).
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein theterminal uses a narrow band to communicate with the base station, andthe narrow band is allocated on a Physical Resource Block (PRB) unitbasis or a subcarrier unit basis.